Network protocol & standards

Network protocols & standards types

• TCP/IP- Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol is a suite of communication protocol used to interconnect network devices on the internet. 

• UDP- is stand for User Datagram Protocol meaning  the sender will not wait to make sure  the recipents received the packet it will just continue sending the next packets.

• AppleTalk- is a set proprietary networking protocols developed by Apple computer only. 

• 802.2-  General standard for the data link layer in the OSI reference model. IEEE 802.2 Logical link control 

• 802.3- Defines the MAC layer for bus networks that use CSMA/CD. This is the basis of the Ethernet standard.

• FDDI- Is stand for fiber distributed data interface data transmission on fiber optic lines in a local area network (LAN)

• 802.5- IEEE 802.5: Defines the MAC layer for token-ring networks.

Techopedia.com. (2018). What is AppleTalk? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2631/appletalk [Accessed 1 May 2018].

Webopedia.com. (2018). What is IEEE 802 Standards? Webopedia Definition. [online] Available at: https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/IEEE_802_standards.html [Accessed 1 May 2018].

SearchNetworking. (2018). What is FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/FDDI [Accessed 1 May 2018].

SearchNetworking. (2018). What is TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/TCP-IP [Accessed 1 May 2018].

Network Models

OSI Model is stand for Open Systems Interconnection is an abstract description for layered communication and computer network protocol design. there are seven layer of OSI model.

• Layer 7 - Application - is for providing services to the user. 
• Layer 6 - Presentation - is for translation, compression and encryption.
• Layer 5 - Session - is responsible for dialog control and synchronization.
• Layer 4 - Transport - is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.
• Layer 3 - Network - responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the source host to the destination host.
• Layer 2 - Data Link - is responsible for moving frames from one hop to the nest.
• Layer 1 - Physical - is to move data in the from of electromagnetic signals across a transmission medium. 

TCP/IP is stand for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol is the set of communications protocol used for the internet and other similar networks.

• Layer 4 - Application is represent data to the user and control dialogue 
• Layer 3 - Transport as the delivery service used by the application also handles all error detection and recovery. 
• Layer 2 - Internet is to organize or handle the movement of data on network.
• Layer 1 - Host to Network layer is known as network interface layer used to transfer the data over the network. 

extraganesh (2014). TCP/IP Network ppt. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/extraganesh/tcpip-network-ppt [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

Bandhe (2008). OSI Model. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/rahulbandhe/osi-model-presentation [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

Network topology

what is network topology?
A network topology is the arrangement of a network.

type of network topology

1. logical topology is how devices appear connected to the user.
2. Physical topology is how they are actually interconnected with wires and cables.

There are 6 topology :

1. Point to point topology 
2. Bus topology
3. Star topology
4. Ring topology
5. Mesh topology
6. Tree topology 

Point to point topology

• is a simplest topology is a point to point communications channel that appears. 

Advantage 

• Low cost 
• Easy to management 

Disadvantage 

• Maximum 2 computer can be connected 
• Cable breaks will affect to the whole network.

Bus topology 

• Bus topology is a network setup in which each computer and network device are connected to a single cable or backbone.

Advantage 

• it is easy to set up, handle, and implement.
• it costs very less

Disadvantage 

•   Failure of the shared communication line can make all other devices stop functioning
•  All devices share single communication line or cable. 

Star topology

•    All hosts in star topology are connected to a central device, known as hub device, using a point to point connection.
•     That is, there exists a point to point connection between hosts and hub.

Advantage 

• Easy network management 
• installation of star networks is easier 

Disadvantage 

• The costs more expensive 
• they requires more cable 

Ring topology

• A ring topology is a network configuration in which device connections create a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle.

Advantage 

• Easy to install
• Easy to reconfigure 

Disadvantage 

• It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring 
• Total dependence upon the one cable 

Mesh topology

• A network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. 

Advantage 

• No traffic problem 
• Troubleshooting of this topology is easy as compared with other networks.

Disadvantage 

• Cabling cost is high.
• It is difficult to install

There are two type of mesh:

• ·         Full mesh – all can use computer connections
• ·         Partial mesh – not all computer have point to pint connections 

Tree topology 

• known as hierarchical topology
• the most common form of network topology

Tree layer for tree topology

•          Core layer
•          Distribution layer
•          Access layer 

Advantage 

• if one segment is damaged, other segment are not affected.
• networks divided into segments, that can be easily maintained. 

Disadvantage 

• If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.
• more difficult to configure and wire than other topology 

CV_LAN_Lab8_Nazmi

Type of Network

Type of networks

1. LAN

2. MAN

3. WAN

4. PAN 

LAN

Description 

LAN - local area network 

Diagram 

How it works

the function is  to connect one room to others at one building only.

Examples 

lab 6 micronet 

MAN

Description 

MAN-Metropolitan area network 

Diagram 

How it works

the network design to extent over an entire city, its cover between 10 to 15 miles. 

Examples 

Transfer the money to others bank  at one city 

WAN

Description 

WAN- Wide area network 

Diagram 

How it works

to transmit the data and information over large geographical distance which cover all countries or continents.

Examples 

Sending the email to others person from others countries like Brunei to England.

PAN

Description 

PAN - Personal area network 

Diagram 

How it works

to transmit the data and information in very shorter distance which control but one person. 

Examples 

connect the network speaker Bluetooth 

Lo4, The Gather and Process the information

The Total of the Students:

The Process of the Students

Lo4. BE ABLE TO USE IT TOOLS TO PRODUCE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION.

4.1 Tools
4.1.1 Database
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated.

4.1.2 Artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

4.1.3 Spreadsheets
A spreadsheet is a sheet of paper that shows accounting or other data in rows and columns.

4.1.4 Internet

A means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world is along as dedicated on routers and servers.

4.2 Gather information
4.2.1 Define the requirement
A requirement some quality or performance demanded of a person.

4.2.2 Establish sources of information
we need to interviewing the people or searching to internet.

4.2.3 Define other factor to be considered
Outsourcing considerations
-Coordination, information exchange, and paperwork problems
Globalization
-Use internet to find information systems of supplier and customs located around the world
-Companies  can now focus on their core competencies - quality and delivery.

4.2.4 Select information
mean we need to select information form were we need to search information.


4.3 Analyse information
4.3.1 Quality of information
Quality of information is an important concept. 

 4.3.1.1 Validity of information
For information to be valid, it must be both accurate and reliable.

 4.3.1.2 Accuracy of information
is the correctness of the information. Normally, the higher the accuracy of the information, the better is its quality.

 4.3.1.3 Currency of information
Currency is all about context, and it’s important to think about whether the publication date makes sense in relation to your argument. 

 4.3.1.4 Relevance of information
data that applies to the situation or problem that can help towards finding a solution

 4.4 Management information
4.4.1 Report
 4.4.1.1 Sales Report (Example)

A record of calls made and products sold during a particular time frame kept by a salesperson or their management.

 4.4.1.2 Population statistics (Example)
A population is a complete set of individual, objects, and measurements having some common characteristics

 4.4.1.3 Marking Analysis (Example)
is an assessment, which allows you to determine how suitable a particular market is for your industry.

EasyBib Blog. (2017). How do you evaluate currency in your research. [online] Available at: http://www.easybib.com/guides/students/writing-guide/how-do-you-evaluate-currency/ [Accessed 10 Aug. 2017].

Ecomputernotes.com. (2017). What is Quality of Information?. [online] Available at: http://ecomputernotes.com/mis/what-is-mis/quality-of-information [Accessed 10 Aug. 2017].

Google.com.bn. (2017). other factor to be considered information - Carian Google. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com.bn/search?rlz=1C1LENP_enBN726BN726&biw=1440&bih=794&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=other+factor+to+be+considered+information+&oq=other+factor+to+be+considered+information+&gs_l=psy-ab.3...72352.74472.0.76667.13.13.0.0.0.0.112.1104.5j6.11.0....0...1.1.64.psy-ab..2.0.0.1Om7TzlRdtI#imgrc=pBQ3ZUQpEyDFeM: [Accessed 10 Aug. 2017].

Study.com. (2017). What is Market Analysis? - Definition & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at: http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-market-analysis-definition-examples.html [Accessed 10 Aug. 2017].

Lo3 MIS Company

Soundside Software

Co-Founder and Lead Technologist of Soundside Inc., David Horowitz, is an industry veteran with over 30 years of experience servicing clients and fulfilling their needs, providing custom development and integration solutions using a wide array of technologies. Key clients include companies such as Siemens Healthcare, Adobe Systems and Avid Technology. David specializes in Microsoft technologies including solutions for Microsoft Office (VBA and VSTO for Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, Outlook), .NET and SQL Server, and also including Siebel Proposals, MySql, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Java, Node.js, Angular, C#, VB.NET, ASP.NET, and C++.

http://www.soundsidesoftware.com/about/

Lo3 Know the features and functions of information systems part 2

3.4 Types of information system
3.4.1 Management information systems

A management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of management in a company. 

3.4.2 Other
Marketing Information system 
-The results of marketing research that are used to plan for future marking or product development activities.

Financial Information system 

-A financial information system is a type of business software used to input, accumulate, and analyze financial and accounting data. It produces report such as accounting report, cash flow statements, and financial statement. The output produced helps in making good financial management decisions thus helping the managers run the business effectively.

Human resources Information system 

-The Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a software or online solution for the data entry, data tracking, and data information needs of the Human Resources, payroll, management, and accounting functions within a business. It is useful for all processes that you want to track and from which you hope to gather data.

3.5 Management information systems (MIS)
3.5.1 Features;

• MIS is permanent and continuous system.
• its basic objective is to provide right information 
• it is a computer based system.

3.5.2 Benefits;

• MIS increases productivity
• MIS enhances the quality of decision-making
• MIS improves communication and helps develop team work

3.5.3 Effectiveness criteria e.g accuracy, sustainability, response, times, confidence

• Accuracy – it must be as accurate as any other source
• Sustainability- the information must be reliably
• Response Times- It needs to have specific time when the days starts
• Confidence- there must be confidence so faults must be corrected quickly and the users need to be informed of upgrades

Inc.com. (2017). Management Information Systems (MIS). [online] Available at: https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/management-information-systems-mis.html [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017].

BusinessDictionary.com. (2017). What is marketing information? definition and meaning. [online] Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing-information.html [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017].

university of education, L. (2014). Financial Information System. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/inam12/financial-information-system-31999556 [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017].

The Balance. (2017). What, Exactly, Is a Human Resources Information System?. [online] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/human-resources-information-system-hris-1918140 [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017].

Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2017). Characteristics of a Good Management Information System. [online] Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/characteristics-good-management-information-system-59060.html [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017].

LO3 KNOW THE FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

3.1 Features of information systems

Data is information stored in its raw (or most basic) form. The reason why information is stored like this is so that only the information that is needed for specific functions can be used.

People are another key feature of information systems and need to understand how the system works to maximise the potential of the data stored in the information system.

The hardware requirements need to be analysed before the system is built so that the long term needs of the system can be met. Different hardware components such as a server and networking components such as routers and switches will be required for the system to work over a network.

Software is a key component of any information system as it is what lets the end user access the system to enter and find information. 

Telecommunications such as networking technologies. For a range of people to access information on an information system then the system needs to run over a network and as previously mentioned hardware components to create a telecommunications network are needed to do this.

3.2 Functions of information systems

Input
Inputting information in to a information system has two parts

Detailed data - stored and processed and forms the basis for the rest of the system.

User -tells the system what sort of analysis they want from the system 

Storage 

The data should be stored efficiently with the highest level detail available. The IT department should take regular back ups of the system and the stored data regularly, this should be kept in a different location in case of disaster

Processing
The processing of data is where the information is turned into knowledge.

Output
Outputted information can be displayed in many forms.
The main two forms are:
- Graphical (e.g. Charts, graphs)
-Textual (e.g Reports, number)

Control and feedback loops
Result of outputted information from a system
- if the information outputted is wrong feedback would be sent back to the people who inputted the data into the system, so that it can be inputted correctly.

Closed and open systems

A system is commonly defined as a group of interacting units or elements that have a common purpose. The units or elements of a system can be cogs, wires, people, computers, and so on. Systems are generally classified as open systems and closed systems and they can take the form of mechanical, biological, or social systems.

3.3 Data into information

Difference between data and information

Data can be any character, text, words, number, pictures, sound, or video and, if not put into context, means little or nothing to a human. However, information is useful and usually formatted in a manner that allows it to be understood by a human.

Content Writer. (2013). Features of information systems. [online] Available at: http://www.contentedwriter.com/features-of-information-systems/ [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017].

Scribd. (2017). Features and Functions of information systems. [online] Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/52642792/Features-and-Functions-of-information-systems [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017].

Encyclopedia.com. (2017). Open and Closed Systems - Dictionary definition of Open and Closed Systems | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary. [online] Available at: http://www.encyclopedia.com/management/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/open-and-closed-systems [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017].

Lo2. Codes of practice

Activity: Codes of practice 


Find example of computer codes of practice, either from your college or by carrying out internet research.

Identity

Don’t allow anyone else to use your login details, don’t disguise your online identity and don’t attempt to obtain or use anyone else’s.

Sheffield, U. (2017). Code of Practice - CiCS - The University of Sheffield. [online] Sheffield.ac.uk. Available at: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/cics/codeofpractice [Accessed 5 Jul. 2017].

Produce a code of practice for a top secret military or government establishment.

• The high ranking officer can access more secret information than any lower rank can access.
• The high ranking officer can only one that access private file.
• Top secret nuclear can be known by only certain trusted people.

Produce a code of practice for a small web design or computer consultancy company.

• Information

  Safeguard personal data, respect other people’s information and don’t abuse copyright material.

• Governance

  Don’t break the law, do abide regulations and policies, and do observe the regulations of any third parties whose facilities you access.
• Do keep your files organized.

List the areas in which these codes are similar. List the areas in which they differ significantly. Explain the reasons for the areas where they differ.

• The different between the military and computer consultancy 
• Military work is more strict and specific.
• web design are more to secure their customer and their personal files.