DNS and DNS Types

DNS

Domain Name Server

The purpose of DNS is to translate all the inquiries into IP address, which computers can understand. it also provides a list of mail which accept Emails for each domain name.

how DNS works 

Diagram

DNS queries also known as a DNS request is a demand for information sent from a user's computer client to a server.

The Recursive is, when DNS client directly gets the IP address of a domain, by asking the name server system to perform the complete translation.

The iterative is a request for a website name or uniform resource locator (URL) that the domain name system (DNS) server reponds to with the IP address from its zone file cache, 

The Non recursive is, when a DNS client contacts the name servers, one by one, until it finds the server, containing the needed information.

Describe 

DNS server

A DNS server are internet equivalent of a phone book. they maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to internet protocol (IP) address.

DNS Resolver 

A DNS resolver (recursive resolver), is designed to receive DNS queries, which include a human readable hostname such as "www.example.com", and is responsible for tracking the IP address for that hostname. 

DNS Root Server 

A root server is part of the supporting infrastructure of the internet, and facilitates internet use by acting as the backbone of online access. is responsible for fundamental functions when it comes to translating domain names into IP address it answers client request in the domain name system's root zone.

Authoritative Name Server

An authoritative name server provides actual answer to user DNS queries such as mail server IP address or web site IP address ( A resource record). therefore it only returns answers to queries about domain names that are installed in its configuration system.

Describe 3 types of common DNS records

1. A (Host address) is the most basic and the most commonly used DNS record type. it is used to translate human friendly domain names such as "www.google.com" into IP-addresses such as 23.211.43.53. A record are the DNS server equivalent of the host file. 
2. AAAA (IPv6 host address) is used to specify the IPv6 address for a host (equivalent of the A-record type for IPv4).
3. ALIAS ( Auto resolved alias) is a virtual record type we created to provide CNAME like behavior on apex domains. 

Reference 

What Is A Domain Name Server DNS And How Does It Work | Network Solutions. (2019). Networksolutions.com. Retrieved 21 October 2019, from https://www.networksolutions.com/support/what-is-a-domain-name-server-dns-and-how-does-it-work/

DNS, M. (2019). What Is Authoritative Name Server?. Dnsknowledge.com. Retrieved 21 October 2019, from https://www.dnsknowledge.com/whatis/authoritative-name-server/

What is a Root Server? - Definition from Techopedia. (2019). Techopedia.com. Retrieved 21 October 2019, from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23702/root-server-domain-name-system-dns

background, W. (2019). What is a root server? Definition and background. IONOS Digitalguide. Retrieved 21 October 2019, from https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/know-how/what-is-a-root-server-definition-and-background/

CNAME Record - How it Works, Alternatives & Advanced Use Cases. (2018). NS1. Retrieved 21 October 2019, from https://ns1.com/resources/cname

ALIAS-Records (Auto Resolved Alias) . (2019). Simpledns.com. Retrieved 21 October 2019, from https://simpledns.com/help/alias-records

WDD_LO1_MANAGE SECURE SITES

Describe how each of the following are implemented.

Keeping software up to date

Select auto-update for software on both your mobile devices and computers when possible. that keeping your security software up to date is important. because it will protect you from the hacker or latest threats in website. 

Block SQL injection

SQL is stand for Structured Query Language used to communicate with database. SQL injection is an extremely damaging attack in which hackers will attempt to access information stored in your database.

Block SQL injection is also good to avoid or prevent the hacker from access to your database or website.

Prevent XSS

XSS also known as cross site scripting is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to compromise the interaction that users have with a vulnerable application. prevent xss in our website is important to prevent attack from hacker. 

Providing Minimal Error Messages 
Error message are displayed with the help of dialog boxes by the operating system or application. creating a error message is an important criteria in the fields for user to be informed of the problem and to prevent error message such as Error 404 and File Not found. 

Denying File Uploads
on a website when a user uploads their file and automatically denied it, so that it can prevent the user from share an unknown file into the website.

Server Side validation/From Validation 

server side validation is necessary to check data sent to the server, ensuring incorrect or malicious data is rejected. in from validation helps ensure users fill out forms in the correct format, making sure the submitted data will work successfully with website application. 

HTTPS 

Https also known as hypertext transfer protocol secure is used for secure communication over a digital network,most often the internet. mean that https is more secure then http in website.

Passwords 

Creating a stronger password policy with a longer, stronger password that is safer on the website. so that hacker cannot easy access the information through a website. 

Website Security Tools 
With the web security tools on our website, data is safer and helps protect our web applications from hacker to steal.

Naztech

Internet service provider

ISP : Telbru

Price :

Domain Name: Naztech.online 

Website Hosting : Bluehost

Price :
Free Domain Name for 1st Year
Free SSL Certificate included
1-Click WordPress Install
24/7 Support
Starting at $2.75/mth

The Reason for choosing bluehost because is easy to use and very user-friendly.

Website Management : Squarespace

Price :

Beginner friendly   Personal US$12/mth

Intuitive UL           Business US$18/mth

Loads of themes    Commerce US$26/mth 

CMS stand for Content management system.

The Reason for choosing this CMS because Squarespace is by far the easiest platform to use, with the cleanest interface. It’s perfect for small to midsize websites and is a breeze for clients to edit content.

Here’s why we love it…

WAD-LO1-Servers

Give the purpose of each of the identified server :-

The purpose of Application server is to install, operate and host applications and associated services for end users. application server also can reducing the size and complexity of the client programs. for the need to cache and control the data flow for better performance.

The purpose of Proxy Server is a special type of network node that alters packets that pass through it, masking their IP addresses and making it seem that the packets originated at the proxy system.

The purpose of Blade Server is a compact device containing a computer used to manage and distribute data in a collection of computers and systems. called a network. its role is to act as a conduit between computers, programs, applications and systems.

The purpose of Mail Server is to stores incoming mail for distribution to local users and sends out outgoing messages. 

The purpose of Virtual Server are terms used to refer to method of server hosting, which reply on the use of virtual machines to enable certain operations to work in accordance to the system it has been set up for. also to shares hardware and software resources with other operating system (OS) to creating and managing daily backup. 

The purpose of  File Server is to share information over a network without having to physically transfer files by floppy diskette or some other external storage device.

The purpose of Policy Server is to outline practices for administering servers that will ensure an acceptable risk posture against real world threats. the sim is to defend servers against cyber security threats in a practical and pragmatic manner.

The purpose of Web server is a program that uses HTTP( Hypertext Transfer  Protocol) to serve the files that from Web pages to users, in response to their requests,also used to store web site files and broadcast them over the internet.

LO1 Exercise

Explain the following:

Domain Names is part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain. like for example google.com so domain names are used in URLs to identify particular Web pages. URLs is the address of a World Wide Web page. 

DNS Services is stand for Domain Name Servers (DNS) are mostly is on the internet they maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to internet Protocol (IP) address. 

Communication protocols to access a website

Below are some of web communication protocols used: 

HTTP is stand for HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) this is the most widely command used web communication protocol. 

FTP is stand for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) it is used to send and transfer files like for example documents, images, music and so on between remote computer.

HTTPS is stand for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) used for secure version of website 

it's similar to HTTP but the different between HTTP and HTTPS is HTTP used for widely web communication protocol and HTTPS is more secure for client server communication over unsecure like internet.  

TelNet is used to access remote computers and terminals over the internet or a TCP/IP computer network. and also TelNet is one of the oldest communication protocol. 

IPsec, also known as the Internet Protocol Security or IP Security protocol used encrypt packets of data and send them between two computers that share the same cryptographic.