Network Models

OSI Model is stand for Open Systems Interconnection is an abstract description for layered communication and computer network protocol design. there are seven layer of OSI model.

• Layer 7 - Application - is for providing services to the user. 
• Layer 6 - Presentation - is for translation, compression and encryption.
• Layer 5 - Session - is responsible for dialog control and synchronization.
• Layer 4 - Transport - is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.
• Layer 3 - Network - responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the source host to the destination host.
• Layer 2 - Data Link - is responsible for moving frames from one hop to the nest.
• Layer 1 - Physical - is to move data in the from of electromagnetic signals across a transmission medium. 

TCP/IP is stand for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol is the set of communications protocol used for the internet and other similar networks.

• Layer 4 - Application is represent data to the user and control dialogue 
• Layer 3 - Transport as the delivery service used by the application also handles all error detection and recovery. 
• Layer 2 - Internet is to organize or handle the movement of data on network.
• Layer 1 - Host to Network layer is known as network interface layer used to transfer the data over the network. 

extraganesh (2014). TCP/IP Network ppt. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/extraganesh/tcpip-network-ppt [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

Bandhe (2008). OSI Model. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/rahulbandhe/osi-model-presentation [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

Network topology

what is network topology?
A network topology is the arrangement of a network.

type of network topology

1. logical topology is how devices appear connected to the user.
2. Physical topology is how they are actually interconnected with wires and cables.

There are 6 topology :

1. Point to point topology 
2. Bus topology
3. Star topology
4. Ring topology
5. Mesh topology
6. Tree topology 

Point to point topology

• is a simplest topology is a point to point communications channel that appears. 

Advantage 

• Low cost 
• Easy to management 

Disadvantage 

• Maximum 2 computer can be connected 
• Cable breaks will affect to the whole network.

Bus topology 

• Bus topology is a network setup in which each computer and network device are connected to a single cable or backbone.

Advantage 

• it is easy to set up, handle, and implement.
• it costs very less

Disadvantage 

•   Failure of the shared communication line can make all other devices stop functioning
•  All devices share single communication line or cable. 

Star topology

•    All hosts in star topology are connected to a central device, known as hub device, using a point to point connection.
•     That is, there exists a point to point connection between hosts and hub.

Advantage 

• Easy network management 
• installation of star networks is easier 

Disadvantage 

• The costs more expensive 
• they requires more cable 

Ring topology

• A ring topology is a network configuration in which device connections create a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle.

Advantage 

• Easy to install
• Easy to reconfigure 

Disadvantage 

• It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring 
• Total dependence upon the one cable 

Mesh topology

• A network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. 

Advantage 

• No traffic problem 
• Troubleshooting of this topology is easy as compared with other networks.

Disadvantage 

• Cabling cost is high.
• It is difficult to install

There are two type of mesh:

• ·         Full mesh – all can use computer connections
• ·         Partial mesh – not all computer have point to pint connections 

Tree topology 

• known as hierarchical topology
• the most common form of network topology

Tree layer for tree topology

•          Core layer
•          Distribution layer
•          Access layer 

Advantage 

• if one segment is damaged, other segment are not affected.
• networks divided into segments, that can be easily maintained. 

Disadvantage 

• If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.
• more difficult to configure and wire than other topology 

CV_LAN_Lab8_Nazmi

Type of Network

Type of networks

1. LAN

2. MAN

3. WAN

4. PAN 

LAN

Description 

LAN - local area network 

Diagram 

How it works

the function is  to connect one room to others at one building only.

Examples 

lab 6 micronet 

MAN

Description 

MAN-Metropolitan area network 

Diagram 

How it works

the network design to extent over an entire city, its cover between 10 to 15 miles. 

Examples 

Transfer the money to others bank  at one city 

WAN

Description 

WAN- Wide area network 

Diagram 

How it works

to transmit the data and information over large geographical distance which cover all countries or continents.

Examples 

Sending the email to others person from others countries like Brunei to England.

PAN

Description 

PAN - Personal area network 

Diagram 

How it works

to transmit the data and information in very shorter distance which control but one person. 

Examples 

connect the network speaker Bluetooth